School Administrative District #4

Unity of purpose

CORE CURRICULUM: SCOPE AND SEQUENCE

Department: Science

CONTENT STANDARD: INQUIRY AND PROBLEM SOLVING

 

Performance Indicators: The learner will·

Grade 10

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Ask questions and propose strategies and materials to seek answers to questions, i.e., conduct an investigation

á         Verify, evaluate, and use results in a purposeful way÷including analyzing and interpreting data, making predictions based on observed patterns, testing solutions against the original problem conditions, and formulating additional questions

CONTENT STANDARD: SCIENTIFIC REASONING

 

Performance Indicators: The learner will·

Grades 9-12

1.      Review and extend prior learning

2.      Judge the accuracy of alternative explanations by identifying the evidence necessary to support them

3.      Develop generalizations based on observations

4.      Determine when there is a need to revise studies in order to improve their validity through better sampling, controls, or data-analysis techniques

5.      Produce inductive and deductive arguments to support conjecture

6.      Analyze situations where more than one logical conclusion can be drawn

CONTENT STANDARD: COMMUNICATION

 

Performance Indicators: The learner will·

Grades 9-12

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Analyze research or other literature for accuracy in the design and findings of experiments

3.        Use journals and self-assessment to describe and analyze scientific and technological experiences and to reflect on problem-solving processes

4.        Make and use appropriate symbols, pictures, diagrams, scale drawings, and models to represent and simplify real-life situations and to solve problems

5.        Employ graphs, tables, and maps in making arguments and drawing conclusions

6.        Critique models, stating how they do and do not effectively represent the real phenomenon

7.        Gather and present information using a variety of media, including the effective use of the computer

á         Programming

8.        Record results of experiments or activities (e.g., interviews, discussions, field work), summarize, and communicate what he/she has learned

á         Write comprehensive lab reports

9.        Evaluate the communication capabilities of new kinds of media (e.g., cameras with computer disks instead of film)

10.    Use existing and emerging technologies (e.g. PC's, graphing calculators, calculator-based labs) to organize data, generate models, and do research for problem solving

11.    Engage in a debate, on a scientific issue, where both points of view are based on the same set of information

CONTENT STANDARD: IMPLICATIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 

Performance Indicators: The learner will·

Grades 9-12

1.      Review and extend prior learning

2.      Examine the impact of political decisions on science and technology

3.      Demonstrate the importance of resource management, controlling environmental impacts, and maintaining natural ecosystems

4.      Evaluate the ethical use of new scientific or technological developments

5.      Analyze the impacts of various scientific and technological developments

6.      Examine the historical relationships between prevailing cultural beliefs and breakthroughs in science and technology

7.      Research issues that illustrate the effects of technological imbalances and suggest some solutions

CONTENT STANDARD: EARTH-AND-SPACE SCIENCE

 

Performance Indicators: The learner will·

Grade 10

1.        Review and extend prior learning

CONTENT STANDARD: BIOLOGY

 

Performance Indicators: The learner will·

Grade 10

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Demonstrate an understanding of multi-cellular organization

á         Organ systems

á         Digestive

á         Circulatory

á         Immune

á         Respiratory

á         Excretory

á         Nervous and sensory

á         Musculoskeletal

á         Hormonal

á         Reproductive

3.        Demonstrate an understanding of the living organism

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the structure of the five-kingdom classification system

á         Kingdom Monera

á       Viruses

á       Monerans (prokaryotic cells)

á         Kingdom Protista

á       Animal-like protists

á          Cilia-bearing protists

á          Protists with flagella

á          Spore-producing parasitic protists

á          Protists with false feet

á       Plant-like protists

á          Flagellates with chloroplasts

á          Dinoflagellates

á          Chrysophytes and diatoms

á          Slime molds

á         Kingdom Fungi

á       Protist-like fungi

á       Common molds

á       Sac fungi

á       Club fungi

á       Imperfect fungi

á         Kingdom Plantae

á       Algae

á       Mosses

á       Ferns

á       Seed plants

á         Kingdom Animalia

á       Invertebrates

á          Sponges

á          Cnidarians

á          Unsegmented worms

á          Mollusks

á          Annelids

á          Anthropods

á          Echinoderms

á          Invertebrate chordates

á       Vertebrates

á          Fish

á          Amphibians

á          Reptiles

á          Birds

á          Mammals

á        Demonstrate an understanding of the development of a fertilized ovum into a fetus

á         Morula

á         Blastocyst

á         Gastrulation

4.        Demonstrate an understanding of the biological planet

á         Distinguish between density-dependent and density-independent limiting factors

á         Demonstrate an understanding of how competition, predation, parasitism, over-crowding, and natural catastrophes relate to population growth

á         Demonstrate an understanding of a food chain

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of an increasing human population on planet Earth and the heavy demand placed on the environment by modern lifestyles

á         Discuss trends in human population growth

á         Discuss the effects of an increased human population on planet Earth

á         Relate modern lifestyles to the Earth's environmental problems

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the ways that human activities pollute the Earth

á         Discuss the impact of pollution on the Earth's environment

á         Distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials

á         Define and discuss biological magnification

á         Discuss the harmful effects of air pollution

á         Describe ways in which the Earth's waters become polluted

á         Demonstrate an understanding that the survival of humans and human society depends upon the survival of other organisms

á         Discuss why the survival of humans depends on the survival of other organisms in the biosphere

á         Explain why forests are important to the health of the biosphere

á         Define endangered species and discuss the importance of saving these species

á         Relate the destruction of natural habitats of plants to food production

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the need for people to preserve the Earth's environment through conservation

á         Discuss the importance of protecting biosphere

á         Explain the importance of conservation in protecting the environment

á         Explain some problems and solutions associated with waste disposal

á         Explain how economic factors can make the decisions about preserving the environment difficult

5.        Demonstrate an understanding of immunology

á         Define terms related to immunology

á         Phagocytotic cell

á         Antibody

á         Antigen

á         Vaccine

á         Explain the function of lymphocytes

á         T-cells

á         B-cells

á         Describe the humoral immune response

á         B-cell growth and division, forming

á       Plasma cells

á       Memory cells

á         Agglutination, leading to

á       Phagocytosis by macrophages

á       Destruction by klymphocytes

á       Lysis mediated by complement system

á         Describe the cell mediated immune response

á         T-lymphocytes grow and reproduce, forming

á       T-cells

á         Alternative systems are alarmed

á       B-lymphocyte

á       Macrophage

á         Describe the mechanism of stimulation by antigen

á         Antigen

á         Receptor sites

á         Explain how the immune cells recognize their own body

á         Embryonic development

á         Transplant rejections

á         Auto-immune diseases

á         Explain the difference between T-cells and B-cells

á         Describe the HIV virus

á         Structure

á       Protein coat

á       RNA

á         Invasion of human cells

á       Translation

á         Development of AIDS

á       Time frame

á       Symptoms

á       Possible causes of death

á         Explain how the human body protects itself against disease and how the body might lose that ability

CONTENT STANDARD: CHEMISTRY

 

Performance Indicators: The learner will·

Grade 10

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Demonstrate an understanding of properties of matter

á         Define matter and distinguish between kinds of matter

á         Pure substance

á       Elements

á       Compounds

á          Ionic

á          Molecular

á         Mixtures of substances

á       Homogenous (solutions)

á       Heterogeneous

á         Define substance and identify the properties of given substances

á         Physical properties

á       Extensive

á          Mass

á          Volume

á          Weight

á       Intensive

á          Boiling/melting points

á          Color

á          Density

á          Electrical conductivity

á          Hardness

á          Magnetism

á          Odor

á          Taste

á         Chemical properties

á       Flammability

á       Reactivity

á       Corrosiveness

á         Properties of solutions

á       Conductivity

á       Acid/base nature

á       Color

á       Solubility

á       Precipitation

á       Concentration

á         Calculate density

á         Identify the phases of matter

á         Solid

á        Liquid

á         Gaseous

á         Plasmic

á         Explain kinetic theory as it relates to the phases of matter

á         Distinguish between physical change and chemical change

á         Provide the indications of a chemical change

á         Color change

á         Temperature change

á         Production of gas or precipitate

á         Demonstrate an understanding that every change in a substance involves an energy change

á         Endothermic

á         Exothermic

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the Periodic Table and modern periodic law

á         Distinguish between period and group/family using the Periodic Table and explain what members of a period or group/family have in common

á         Memorize the chemical symbols of specific elements

á         Relate electron configuration to the arrangement of the Periodic Table

á         Explain periodic trends

á         Atomic size

á         Ionization energy

á         Electron affinity

á         Ionic size

á         Electronegativity

á         Define metal, non-metal, and semi-metal and discuss the properties of each

á         Metals

á       Alkali metals, including rare earth alkali metals

á       Transition metals

á         Non-metals

á       Halogens

á       Noble gases

á         Semi-metals (metalloids)

á         Distinguish between representative elements and transition metals

á         Define diatomic molecule

3.        Demonstrate an understanding of structure of matter

á        Demonstrate an understanding of the history of atomic theory

á         Law of conservation of matter

á         Law of definite proportions

á         Law of multiple proportions

á        Demonstrate an understanding of the concept of subatomic particle and how mass and charge are related to the kinds of subatomic particles

á         Electrons

á         Neutrons

á         Protons

á        Demonstrate an understanding of how scientists use a cathode ray tube to study subatomic particles

á        List the properties of electrons, neutrons, and protons and describe their location within the atom

á        Define atomic number and explain how atomic number is determined

á        Define isotope

á        Demonstrate an understanding of the concept of atomic weight and its relationship to atomic mass

á        Demonstrate an understanding of mass number and how mass number is calculated

á        Define scientific model and discuss the role and limitations of models in scientific investigations

á        Demonstrate an understanding of the development of atomic models

á         Dalton

á         Thomson

á         Rutherford

á         Bohn

á         Schrodinger (quantum mechanics)

á        Describe the arrangement of electrons in atoms

á        Define valence electrons and draw electron dot structures for elements

á        Differentiate between an atom and an ion

á        Demonstrate an understanding of how electron configurations are used to predict charges of ions of representative elements

á         Cations

á         Anions

á        Demonstrate an understanding of how each element has its own atomic emission spectrum

4.        Demonstrate an understanding of the composition of matter

á         Distinguish among characteristics of different compounds

á         Ionic

á         Molecular

á         Explain ionic bonding

á         Duet rule

á         Octet rule

á         Define polyatomic ion

á         Explain metallic bonding and how it relates to properties of metals

á         Electrical conductivity

á         Malleability

á         Ductility

á         Predict formulas and names of ions from representative elements

á         Define chemical formula and demonstrate an understanding of formula units

á         Elements

á         Subscripts

á         Write the chemical names and formulas for binary and ternary ionic compounds

á         Demonstrate an understanding of polyatomic ions and be familiar with their names and formulas

á         Write the names and formulas of acids

á         Write chemical names for molecular compounds

á         Write molecular formulas for molecular compounds

á         Define covalent bonding

á         Single

á         Double and triple

á         Coordinate

á         Draw structural formulas of molecules

á         Build models of molecular compounds

á         Predict shapes of molecules using the VSEPR Theory

á         Define polar molecules

á         Distinguish between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds

á         Demonstrate an understanding of intermolecular attractions

á         Van der Waals forces

á       Dispersion forces

á       Dipole interactions

á         Hydrogen bonds

á         Describe the nature of a phase of matter in terms of intermolecular forces between particles

á         Solid

á       Amorphous, including super-cooled liquids

á       Crystalline

á         Liquid

á         Gas

á         Plasma

5.        Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of chemical change

á         Define chemical equation

á         Word equations

á         Symbol equations

á         Skeletal equations

á         Recognize the information provided by a chemical equation

á         Reactants

á         Products

á         Define coefficient and explain the role of coefficients in balancing chemical equations, including stoichiometry

á         Distinguish between balanced and unbalanced chemical equations

á         Write, balance, and interpret chemical equations

á         Classify chemical reactions

á         Combination

á         Decomposition

á         Single replacement

á         Double replacement

á         Combustion

á         Predict the products of a chemical reaction

á         Define oxidation reduction reaction

á         Define and demonstrate an understanding of equilibrium and collision theory in the context of balancing equations

á         Explain the factors that affect rates of reactions

6.        Demonstrate an understanding of measurement

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the mole as a unit of measurement

á         Describe how Avogadro's number is related to a mole of any substance

á         Calculate the number of moles in any given number of representative particles of any substance

á         Distinguish between the terms

á         Gram atomic mass

á         Gram molecular mass

á         Gram formula mass

á         Molar mass

á         Use the mole to convert among measurements of

á         Mass

á         Volume

á         Number of particles

á         Calculate the percentage composition of a substance from its chemical formula or experimental data

á         Derive empirical and molecular formulas from appropriate experimental data

á         Interpret chemical equations

á         Mole-mole calculations

á         Mass-mass calculations

á         Demonstrate an understanding of limiting reagent

á         Calculate percent yield

CONTENT STANDARD: PHYSICS

 

Performance Indicators: The learner will·

Grade 10

1.        Review and extend prior learning

07/16/98

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