School Administrative District #4
Unity of purpose
CORE CURRICULUM: SCOPE AND SEQUENCE
Department: Science
CONTENT STANDARD: INQUIRY AND PROBLEM SOLVING
Scientific inquiry, problem solving, and the technological method provide insight into and comprehension of the world. A variety of tools, including emerging technologies, assist the inquiry processes; and models are used to aid understanding. All students will apply inquiry and problem-solving approaches in science and technology.
Performance Indicators: The learner will·
|
Grade 11 |
1. Review and extend prior learning
2. Ask questions and propose strategies and materials to seek answers to questions, i.e., conduct an investigation
á Use scientific inquiry and the technological/scientific method with short- and long-term investigations, recognizing that there is more than one way to solve a problem and demonstrating knowledge of when to try different strategies
3. Design and construct a device to perform a specific function and then redesign to improve performance, cost efficiency, etc.
CONTENT STANDARD: SCIENTIFIC REASONING
Scientific reasoning involves framing and supporting arguments, recognizing patterns and relationships, identifying bias and stereotypes, brainstorming alternative explanations and solutions, judging accuracy, analyzing situations, and revising studies to improve their validity. All students will learn to formulate and justify ideas and to make informed decisions.
Performance Indicators: The learner will·
|
Grades 9-12 |
1. Review and extend prior learning
2. Judge the accuracy of alternative explanations by identifying the evidence necessary to support them
3. Develop generalizations based on observations
4. Determine when there is a need to revise studies in order to improve their validity through better sampling, controls, or data-analysis techniques
5. Produce inductive and deductive arguments to support conjecture
6. Analyze situations where more than one logical conclusion can be drawn
CONTENT STANDARD: COMMUNICATION
Clear and accurate communication employs appropriate symbols and terminology, models, and a variety of media and presentation styles. Communication includes constructing knowledge through reflection, evaluation, refocusing, and critically analyzing information from a variety of sources. Both individuals and groups must learn to communicate effectively. All students will communicate effectively in the applications of science and technology.
Performance Indicators: The learner will·
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Grades 9-12 |
1. Review and extend prior learning
2. Analyze research or other literature for accuracy in the design and findings of experiments
3. Use journals and self-assessment to describe and analyze scientific and technological experiences and to reflect on problem-solving processes
4. Make and use appropriate symbols, pictures, diagrams, scale drawings, and models to represent and simplify real-life situations and to solve problems
5. Employ graphs, tables, and maps in making arguments and drawing conclusions
6. Critique models, stating how they do and do not effectively represent the real phenomenon
7. Gather and present information using a variety of media, including the effective use of the computer
á Programming
8. Record results of experiments or activities (e.g., interviews, discussions, field work), summarize, and communicate what he/she has learned
á Write comprehensive lab reports
9. Evaluate the communication capabilities of new kinds of media (e.g., cameras with computer disks instead of film)
10. Use existing and emerging technologies (e.g. PC's, graphing calculators, calculator-based labs) to organize data, generate models, and do research for problem solving
11. Engage in a debate, on a scientific issue, where both points of view are based on the same set of information
CONTENT STANDARD: IMPLICATIONS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Scientific and technological breakthroughs are influenced by prevailing beliefs and conditions which in turn are impacted by new ideas and inventions. By assessing the impacts of technological activity on the environment, one can develop his/her own sense of global stewardship. All students will understand the historical, social, economic, environmental, and ethical implications of science and technology.
Performance Indicators: The learner will·
|
Grades 9-12 |
1. Review and extend prior learning
2. Examine the impact of political decisions on science and technology
3. Demonstrate the importance of resource management, controlling environmental impacts, and maintaining natural ecosystems
4. Evaluate the ethical use of new scientific or technological developments
5. Analyze the impacts of various scientific and technological developments
6. Examine the historical relationships between prevailing cultural beliefs and breakthroughs in science and technology
7. Research issues that illustrate the effects of technological imbalances and suggest some solutions
CONTENT STANDARD: EARTH-AND-SPACE SCIENCE
Earth-and-space science is the study of the Earth, its history, changes, and place in the universe. Students will gain knowledge about (1) the Earth and processes that change it and (2) the universe and how humans have learned about it and the principles upon which it operates.
Performance Indicators: The learner will·
|
Grade 11 |
1. Review and extend prior learning
CONTENT STANDARD: BIOLOGY
The study of biology is the study of life, including how life forms, develops, reproduces, obtains energy, and responds to the environment. The functions performed by organelles (specialized structures found in cells) within individual cells are also carried out by the organ system in multi-cellular organisms. All students are expected to understand that cells are the basic units of life and to be conversant with magnifying devices, cell structure and function, body systems, causes of disease, and the body's defense against disease. Modern classification systems are based on comparisons of the structure, function, life cycles, and behavior of organisms. All students are expected to understand that there are similarities within the diversity of all living things. Fossils show past life, extinct species, and environmental changes over time. Organisms change and new species may arise because of genetically coded adaptations. All students are expected to understand the basis for all life and the fact that all living things change over time. Energy takes many forms which can exert forces and do work. The conversion of energy from one form to another offers useful applications and sometimes presents problems. All students are expected to understand concepts of energy as they relate to the study of living things. Balance in ecosystems is based on an intricate web of relationships among populations of living organisms, as well as non-living factors such as water and temperature. Changes in specific populations or conditions affect other parts of the ecosystem. Individual systems continually change in response to human and other factors. All students are expected to understand how living things depend on one another and on non-living aspects of the environment.
Performance Indicators: The learner will·
|
Grade 11 |
1. Review and extend prior learning
CONTENT STANDARD: CHEMISTRY
The study of chemistry is the study of matter; its structure, properties, and composition; and the processes of change. Matter is made of atoms, each with its characteristic properties, which can combine to form all substances in the universe. The state and properties of matter may differ when it experiences chemical, physical, and nuclear changes. All students are expected to understand the structure of matter and the changes it can undergo.
Performance Indicators: The learner will·
|
Grade 11 |
1. Review and extend prior learning
2. Demonstrate an understanding of measurement
á Interpret chemical equations
á Stoichiometric calculations
3. Demonstrate an understanding of the properties of matter
á Demonstrate an understanding of solubility and how solubility is expressed (grams of solution per 100 grams of solute)
á Demonstrate an understanding of factors affecting solubility
á Temperature
á Pressure
á Agitation
á Surface area
á Demonstrate an understanding of Henry's Law in order to solve gas solubility problems
á Distinguish between concentration and dilution
á Demonstrate an understanding of the unit of concentration (molarity)
á Formula for molarity (M)
á Calculate the molarity of a solution
4. Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of chemical change
á Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of the pH scale
á Use the Lewis Theory and the Bromsted-Lowry Theory to classify substances as
á Acids
á Bases
á Hydrogen-ion donors
á Hydrogen-ion acceptors
á Distinguish between conjugate acid and conjugate base
á Use the concept of hydrogen bonding to explain the properties of water
á High surface tension
á Low vapor pressure
á High specific heat
á High heat of vaporization
á High boiling point
á Explain the low density and high heat of fusion of ice
á Demonstrate an understanding of water as amphoteric
5. Demonstrate an understanding of the composition of matter
á Relate temperature to average kinetic energy
á Define absolute zero and explain its significance
á Express absolute zero in
á Degrees Celsius
á Kelvin
á Distinguish between atmospheric (air, barometric) pressure and gas pressure
á Explain how pressure is measured with a
á Manometer
á Demonstrate an understanding of units of pressure
á Pascal
á Torr
á Complete mathematical conversions between units of pressure (Pa, atm, and mm of Hg)
á Use kinetic theory to explain gas pressure
á Demonstrate an understanding of the gas laws
á Boyle's Law
á Charles' Law
á Ideal Gas Law
á Demonstrate an understanding of STP (standard conditions of temperature and pressure) and state its values
á Name the six possible changes that matter undergoes
á Solid to liquid
á Liquid to solid
á Liquid to gas
á Gas to liquid
á Solid to gas
á Gas to solid
á Demonstrate an understanding of the processes by which matter changes from one phase to another
á Condensation
á Evaporation
á Liquefaction
á Sublimation
á Define and identify heat-related properties
á Boiling point
á Heat of condensation
á Heat of fusion
á Heat of solidification
á Heat of vaporization
á Melting (freezing) point
á Specific heat
CONTENT STANDARD: PHYSICS
The study of physics is the study of the basic physical laws that can be applied to all the sciences. All objects are in motion, at least at an atomic/subatomic level. By understanding how forces (e.g., gravity, friction, and magnetism) act on objects, students can predict the effects of those forces on the motion of an object. All students are expected to understand the motion of objects and the manner in which forces can change that motion. Energy takes many forms which can exert forces and do work. The conversion of energy from one form to another offers useful applications and sometimes presents problems. All students are expected to understand concepts of energy.
Performance Indicators: The learner will·
|
Grade 11 |
1. Review and extend prior learning
2. Demonstrate an understanding of matter
á List the assumptions of the kinetic theory
á Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of thermal energy as explained by the kinetic theory
á Distinguish between internal and external energy
á Demonstrate an understanding of thermal equilibrium
á Define nuclide
á Describe three modes of radioactive decay
á Alpha
á Beta
á Gamma
á Demonstrate an understanding of the equations for the three modes of radioactive decay
á Define half-life
á Calculate the amount of material and its activity after a given number of half-lives
á Demonstrate an understanding of atomic models
á Bohr model
á Quantum model
3. Demonstrate an understanding of motion and force
á Define motion and identify the kinds of motion
á Linear
á Planetary
á Projectile
á Simple harmonic
á Two-dimensional
á Uniform circular
á Calculate average speed and velocity
á Solve velocity equations for an unknown
á Calculate acceleration, both positive and negative
á Demonstrate an understanding of the universality of Newton's second law and use it to solve problems in one dimension
á Demonstrate an understanding of the conservation of momentum
á Determine the acceleration in straight-line collisions
á Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between force and acceleration for two-dimensional motion
á Demonstrate an understanding of drag force and terminal velocity
á Zero acceleration
á Demonstrate an understanding of scalar and vector quantities
á Demonstrate an understanding of vector addition
á Magnitude and direction
á Addition of perpendicular vectors, both graphically and mathematically
á Addition of nonperpendicular vectors, both graphically and mathematically
á Demonstrate an understanding of Newton's second law as it applies to
á Objects moving under the constant tensions that are not parallel to the direction of motion
á Forces acting on an object in equilibrium
á Forces acting on projectiles
á Demonstrate an understanding of conservation of momentum in two dimensions
á Elastic
á Inelastic
4. Demonstrate an understanding of energy
á Differentiate between kinetic and potential energy found in
á Springs
á Magnets
á Batteries
á Demonstrate an understanding of the transformation from
á Kinetic to potential energy
á Mechanical to potential energy
á Battery energy to thermal energy
á Define and demonstrate an understanding of specific heat
á Calculate heat transfer
á Demonstrate an understanding of radiant energy
á Demonstrate an understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum
á Frequency
á Wavelength
á Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of radio waves
á Generated
á Transmitted
á Received
á Consider the role of rotational and translational motion, friction, and loss of mechanical energy to confirm the existence of a conservation law
á Demonstrate an understanding of the mechanical equivalent of heat
á Distinguish between joules and calories
á Demonstrate an understanding of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and use it to solve problems
á Define heat engine, refrigerator, and heat pump
5. Demonstrate an understanding of electricity and magnetism
á Distinguish among voltmeters, ammeters, and ohmmeters and demonstrate the ability to use them
á Describe a series connection and a parallel connection
á Calculate current, voltage drops, and equivalent resistance when devices are connected in a series or in a parallel connection
á Demonstrate an understanding of Ohm's Law and how to use it to solve problems
á Demonstrate an understanding of Coulomb's Law and how the force depends on charges and their separation
á Define the Coulomb-SI unit of charge
á Demonstrate an understanding of the vector nature of the electric force
á Describe magnetic fields around permanent magnets and between like and unlike poles
á Describe the field around a current-carrying device
á Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of the field caused by both one and many wire loops
á Define magnetic induction
6. Demonstrate an understanding of waves and light
á Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of sound waves
á Demonstrate an understanding of the properties of sound waves
á Frequency
á Wavelength
á Velocity
á Air
á Water
á Steel
á Demonstrate an understanding of the law of reflection and use it to solve problems
á Distinguish between diffuse and regular reflection
á Demonstrate an understanding of total internal reflection
á Define critical angle
á Define refraction
á Define ray
á Demonstrate an understanding of what a ray will do as it moves from one medium to another
á Air to water
á Air to oil
á Air to alcohol
á Demonstrate an understanding of interference
á Constructive
á Destructive
á Explain the Doppler shift and identify various applications
á Radar detectors
á Ultrasound
á Bats
á Demonstrate an understanding of the spectrum emitted by a hot body
á Define the photoelectric effect
á Describe evidence of the wave nature of matter
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07/16/98 |
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