School Administrative District #4

Unity of purpose

CORE CURRICULUM: SCOPE AND SEQUENCE

Department: Science

CONTENT STANDARD: PHYSICS

 

Performance Indicators: The learner will·

Kindergarten

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of ways to describe the motion of an object.

á         Demonstrate an initial understanding of the concept direction

á         Brainstorm the many ways an object could move and demonstrate its potential to change motion

3        Recognize that the sun gives off light and heat energy

á         Simulate the uses of the sun by utilizing an obtainable source of light

4.        Demonstrate an initial understanding that man-made magnets have an effect on some materials and make some things move without touching them

Grade 1

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Develop a variety of ways to describe the motion of an object.

á         Identify ways that objects move and ways that people move objects (e.g., straight, circular, back-and-forth motions)

3.        Demonstrate that the motion of an object can be changed.

á         Demonstrate and explain how an object's motion can be changed

Grade 2

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Demonstrate an understanding of ways to describe the motion of an object

á         Create an object and demonstrate the ways it could move

3.        Demonstrate that the motion of an object can be changed

á         Create different conditions under which an object's motion could be changed

4.        Demonstrate an understanding that natural and man-made magnets have an effect (i.e., attract, repel) on some materials (i.e., metals, non-metals); make some things move without touching them; and have useful applications (e.g., refrigerator magnet, can opener, magnetized screw driver, magnetic compass)

5.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of simple machines (e.g., lever, screw, pulley, wheel, axle, inclined plane, and wedge) and how they work

6.        Identify examples of simple machines, based on the work they do

Grade 3

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of the effects of different forces on motion

á         Magnetic

á         Mechanical

3.        Draw conclusions about how the amount of force affects the motion of more massive and less massive objects

4.        Generate examples illustrating that when something is pushed, it exerts a reaction force

5.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of different forms of energy (e.g., light, heat, sound)

á        Sort illustrations of sources of different forms of energy

Grade 4

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of the effects of different forces on motion

á         Electrical

3.        Identify different forms of energy (e.g., electrical, mechanical, and chemical; potential and kinetic)

4.        Explain ways by which different forms of energy can be produced

5.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of the characteristics of electricity, including knowledge of

á         Nature of electricity (voltage, ampere, resistance, conductors, insulators)

á         Circuits (open/closed, parallel/series)

á         Magnetism and magnetic fields

á         Static and current electricity

6.        Describe how energy put into or taken out of a system can cause changes in the motion of particles in matter

á         Through role playing, demonstrate the motion of the molecules in a solid, a liquid, and a gas

Grade 5

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Demonstrate an understanding of simple machines (e.g., lever, screw, pulley, wheel, axle, inclined plane, and wedge) and how they work

3.        Describe and quantify how machines can provide mechanical advantages in producing motion

á         Show how simple machines can provide mechanical advantages

4.        Demonstrate an understanding that energy is needed to do work and that machines make work easier

5.        Demonstrate an initial understanding that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form to another

6.        Analyze the benefits and drawbacks of energy conversions (e.g., in the generation of electricity)

á         Water to electricity

7.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of ways by which energy travels

á         Electrical energy

á         Sound energy

8.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of how sound is transmitted and is used as a means of communication, including knowledge of

á         Ability of different media (i.e., solids, liquids, gases) to transmit sound

á         Communication tools (e.g., voice, sonar, animal sounds, musical instruments)

9.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of the characteristics of electricity, including knowledge of

á         Alternating and direct currents

á         Differences between static and current electricity

10.    Demonstrate an understanding that energy sources can be renewable or non-renewable and compare how these sources are used by humans

á         List renewable and non-renewable resources

Grade 6

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Describe and quantify how machines can provide mechanical advantages in producing motion

á         Show how complex machines can provide mechanical advantages

3.        Analyze the benefits and drawbacks of energy conversions (e.g., in the generation of electricity)

á         Solar to electricity

á         Fossil fuels to electricity

4.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of the characteristics of electricity, including knowledge of

á         Relationship between electricity and magnetism

á         Measures of electrical energy (amperes, voltage)

á         Units of electrical consumption (kilowatts and killowatt hours)

5.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of ways by which energy travels (e.g., waves, conduction, convection, radiation)

á         Heat energy

6.        Demonstrate an understanding that energy sources can be renewable or non-renewable and compare how these sources are used by humans

á         Describe how renewable and non-renewable resources are used by humans

á         Compare the advantages and disadvantages of renewable and non-renewable energy resources

7.        Describe how energy put into or taken out of a system can cause changes in the motion of particles in matter

á         Explain the motion of the molecules in a solid, a liquid, and a gas

Grade 7

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of how to use mathematics (the distance formula) to describe the motion of objects (e.g., speed, distance, and time)

3.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of how sound is transmitted and is used as a means of communication, including knowledge of

Grade 8

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Describe the motion of objects using knowledge of Newton's Laws (first, second, and third)

3.        Analyze the benefits and drawbacks of energy conversions (e.g., in the generation of electricity)

á         Nuclear to electricity

4.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of ways by which energy travels (e.g., waves, conduction, convection, radiation)

á         Light energy

5.        Demonstrate an understanding of work, energy, and simple machines

á         Calculate work done by force

á         Identify the force that does the work

á         Differentiate between work and power and correctly calculate power used

á         Demonstrate an understanding of why simple machines are useful

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the concept of mechanical advantage and use it to solve problems

á         Recognize that complex machines are simple machines linked together and calculate mechanical advantage for some complex machines

6.        Demonstrate an understanding of waves and light

á         Demonstrate an understanding of waves and energy transfer

á         Recognize that waves transfer energy without transferring matter

á         Distinguish between longitudinal and transverse waves and between a wave pulse and a continuous wave

á         Define wavelength, frequency, and period and explain the relationship between speed, wavelength, and frequency

á         Demonstrate an understanding that wave speed depends on the medium

á         Demonstrate an understanding of what occurs when a wave crosses the boundary between two media with different wave speeds

á         State the principle of superposition and demonstrate an understanding of how constructive and destructive interference result

á         State the law of reflection

á         Describe refraction in terms of behavior of a transmitted wave

á         Define diffraction of a wave around a barrier

á         Demonstrate an understanding of sound

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of sound waves and the properties sound shares with other waves

á         Demonstrate an initial understanding of how sound is transmitted and is used as a means of communication, including knowledge of

á       Wave frequency, wave length, resonance, vibration

á         Demonstrate an understanding of light

á         Recognize that light is an electromagnetic wave and know its wavelength range

Grade 9

1.        Review and extend prior learning

Grade 10

1.      Review and extend prior learning

2.      Demonstrate an understanding of matter

á         List the assumptions of the kinetic theory

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of thermal energy as explained by the kinetic theory

á         Distinguish between internal and external energy

á         Demonstrate an understanding of thermal equilibrium

á         Define nuclide

á         Describe three modes of radioactive decay

á         Alpha

á         Beta

á         Gamma

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the equations for the three modes of radioactive decay

á         Define half-life

á         Calculate the amount of material and its activity after a given number of half-lives

á         Demonstrate an understanding of atomic models

á         Bohr model

á         Quantum model

3.      Demonstrate an understanding of motion and force

á         Define motion and identify the kinds of motion

á         Linear

á         Planetary

á         Projectile

á         Simple harmonic

á         Two-dimensional

á         Uniform circular

á         Calculate average speed and velocity

á         Solve velocity equations for an unknown

á         Calculate acceleration, both positive and negative

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the universality of Newton's second law and use it to solve problems in one dimension

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the conservation of momentum

á         Determine the acceleration in straight-line collisions

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between force and acceleration for two-dimensional motion

á         Demonstrate an understanding of drag force and terminal velocity

á         Zero acceleration

á         Demonstrate an understanding of scalar and vector quantities

á         Demonstrate an understanding of vector addition

á         Magnitude and direction

á         Addition of perpendicular vectors, both graphically and mathematically

á         Addition of non-perpendicular vectors, both graphically and mathematically

á         Demonstrate an understanding of Newton's second law as it applies to

á         Objects moving under the constant tensions that are not parallel to the direction of motion

á         Forces acting on an object in equilibrium

á         Forces acting on projectiles

á         Demonstrate an understanding of conservation of momentum in two dimensions

á         Elastic

á         Inelastic

4.      Demonstrate an understanding of energy

á         Differentiate between kinetic and potential energy found in

á         Springs

á         Magnets

á         Batteries

á        Demonstrate an understanding of the transformation from

á         Kinetic to potential energy

á         Mechanical to potential energy

á         Battery energy to thermal energy

á         Demonstrate an understanding of circular motion

á         Differentiate between centripetal and centrifugal forces

á         Demonstrate an understanding of center of gravity

á         Determine the center of gravity of a person, a chair and a donut

á         Torque and the center of gravity

á         Demonstrate an understanding of universal gravitation

á         Inverse - Square Law

á         Falling apple, moon and earth

á         Black holes

á         Demonstrate an understanding of Special Relativity

á         Space time

á         Time dilation

Grade 11

1.      Review and extend prior learning

2.      Demonstrate an understanding of energy

á         Define and demonstrate an understanding of specific heat

á         Calculate heat transfer

á         Demonstrate an understanding of radiant energy

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the electromagnetic spectrum

á         Frequency

á         Wavelength

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of radio waves

á         Generated

á         Transmitted

á         Received

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the mechanical equivalent of heat

á         Distinguish between joules and calories

á         Consider the role of rotational and translational motion

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and use it to solve problems

á         Define heat engine, refrigerator and heat pump

3.      Demonstrate an understanding of electricity and magnetism

á        Distinguish among voltmeters, ammeters, and ohmmeters and demonstrate the ability to use them

á        Describe a series connection and a parallel connection

á        Calculate current, voltage drops, and equivalent resistance when devices are connected in a series or in a parallel connection

á        Demonstrate an understanding of Ohm's Law and how to use it to solve problems

á        Demonstrate an understanding of Coulomb's Law and how the force depends on charges and their separation

á        Define the Coulomb-SI unit of charge

á        Demonstrate an understanding of the vector nature of the electric force

á        Describe magnetic fields around permanent magnets and between like and unlike poles

á        Describe the field around a current-carrying device

á        Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of the field caused by both one and many wire loops

á        Define magnetic induction

4.      Demonstrate an understanding of waves and light

á        Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of sound waves

á        Demonstrate an understanding of the properties of sound waves

á         Frequency

á         Wavelength

á         Velocity

á       Air

á       Water

á       Steel

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the law of reflection and use it to solve problems

á        Distinguish between diffuse and regular reflection

á         Demonstrate an understanding of total internal reflection

á         Define critical angle

á        Define refraction

á        Define ray

á         Demonstrate an understanding of what a ray will do as it moves from one medium to another

á         Air to water

á         Air to oil

á         Air to alcohol

á         Demonstrate an understanding of interference

á         Constructive

á         Destructive

á         Explain the Doppler shift and identify various applications

á         Radar detectors

á         Ultrasound

á         Bats

á         Demonstrate an understanding of the spectrum emitted by a hot body

á         Define the photoelectric effect

á         Describe evidence of the wave nature of matter

Laboratory Assessment and Evaluation

(a)               Conceptual Physics Lab Manual by Paul Robinson

(b)               Physics Principles and Problems Lab Manual by Glencoe

(c)               Physics with Computers using Logger Pro by Vernier

(d)               Physics with Calculators by Vernier

(e)               Simulations using Computer Software

1.      Interactive Physics Workbook

2.      Pearls

3.      Crocodile Physics

4.      Interactive Physics Player Workbook

5.      Videopoint

6.      www.labs

7.      Pro Solve

Grade 12

When a fourth year of science becomes a requirement for graduation, seniors will have one of three program options: Advanced Biology, Advanced Chemistry, or Advanced Physics. For content standards and performance indicators, see SUPPLEMENTAL PAGES: SCIENCE PROGRAM.

02/05/02

curr-science-physics-scope.doc