School Administrative District #4

Unity of purpose

CORE CURRICULUM: SCOPE AND SEQUENCE

Department: Social Studies

CONTENT STANDARD: CIVICS AND GOVERNMENT

 

Performance Indicators: The learner will·

Kindergarten

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Articulate the need for authority figures in the home and at school

3.        Describe the different jobs essential to school operation

4.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of a constitution

á       Develop a set of classroom rules and label it Class Constitution

5.        Demonstrate an understanding that being a good citizen involves

á       Taking turns and sharing

á       Maintaining a healthful and safe school environment

á         Taking responsibility for certain classroom chores

á         Taking care of his/her own things

á       Identifying examples of admirable traits seen in American citizens (e.g., honesty, courage, patriotism)

á       Identifying examples of rules and consequences of breaking them

á       Conducting himself/herself properly

6.        Demonstrate an initial understanding that individuals have rights and responsibilities (e.g., the right to feel safe and the responsibility for helping others feel safe, the right to feel valued and the responsibility for valuing others, etc.)

7.        Demonstrate an initial understanding that members of a group have rights and responsibilities

á       Begin to identify and practice rights and responsibilities associated with appropriate classroom behavior

á       Begin to identify and practice rights and responsibilities associated with effectively working in cooperative-learning groups

8.        Demonstrate an understanding of loyalty to the home and to the school

9.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of patriotism by

á       Engaging in traditionally patriotic activities (e.g., reciting the Pledge of Allegiance, singing "The Star Spangled Banner")

10.    Demonstrate an understanding that different families and schools have different traditions and practices (e.g., different ways of celebrating the Fourth of July)

Grade 1

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Describe the making of class rules by

á       Direct democracy (the entire class votes on the rules)

3.        Identify the Constitution of the United States by sight and demonstrate an initial understanding of the rights and freedoms that such a document protects

á         Explain the relationship between a classroom constitution and the United States Constitution

4.        Demonstrate an understanding that individuals have rights and responsibilities

5.        Demonstrate an understanding that members of a group have rights and responsibilities

á       Identify and practice rights and responsibilities associated with appropriate classroom behavior

á       Identify and practice rights and responsibilities associated with working effectively in cooperative-learning groups

6.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of patriotism by

á       Identifying traditionally patriotic symbols associated with

á         The United States (e.g., the flag, the bald eagle, various monuments, various holidays)

7.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of the need for government

8.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of different levels and functions of government

á       School

9.        Demonstrate an understanding that school officials have the responsibility to develop and to oversee rules and procedures that protect individual and group rights

Grade 2

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Describe the making of class rules by

á       Representative democracy (the class elects a smaller group to make the rules)

á       Compare and contrast direct democracy with representative democracy

3.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of different levels and functions of government

á       Local

á       State

á       National

4.        Identify characteristics which make the United States a democratic nation (e.g., right to vote, individual freedoms)

5.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of patriotism by

á       Identifying traditionally patriotic symbols associated with

á         Maine (e.g., the flag, the chickadee, the pine tree/cone)

6.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of elected government officials by

á       Identifying locally elected government officials

á       Naming the current town leader

á       Naming the current governor of Maine

á       Naming the current President of the United States

á       Explaining, in a general sense, the purpose of the Presidency

7.        Identify individuals in United States history who have been agents of governmental change (e.g., George Washington; Thomas Jefferson; Abraham Lincoln; Susan B. Anthony; Martin Luther King, Jr.)

8.        Identify differing traditions and practices among the States (e.g., Patriot's Day; Martin Luther King, Jr., Day)

Grade 3

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Explain the relationship between rights and responsibilities; the need for rules, laws, and constitutional mandates (i.e., the need for government) to protect rights and to make sure responsibilities are carried out; the consequences for violating those rules, laws, and mandates; and the role of citizenship in promoting them

3.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of different levels and functions of government

á       International

4.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of the role of the United Nations in international relationships

5.        Explore trade interactions between the United States and European, Asian, African, Latin-American, and North-American countries

6.        Compare a foreign culture to that of the United States with respect to decision-making processes

7.        Identify differing traditions and practices among several European, Asian, African, Latin-American, and North-American countries

Grade 4

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Identify the levels and functions of government

á       School

á       Local

á       State

á       National

á       International

3.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of the differences among making laws, carrying out laws, and determining if the laws have been violated and an initial understanding that government bodies perform these functions at the local, state, and national levels

4.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of the development of Maine state government, including the adoption of the Constitution of Maine

á         Demonstrate an initial understanding of the Missouri Compromise as it pertains to Maine statehood

5.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of elected government officials

á         Identify the governor of Maine and explain his executive responsibilities

á         Identify selected Maine senators and representatives and explain their legislative responsibilities

6.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of appointed government officials by

á         Explaining, in a general sense, the purpose of the Supreme Court at the state and national levels

á         Explaining, in a general sense, the purpose of the President's cabinet

7.         Demonstrate an initial understanding of how state and local governments finance themselves

Grade 5

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Identify some of the basic individual rights protected by the Constitution of the United States (e.g., freedom of religion, speech, ownership of property)

3.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of the place, role, and structure of Congress today

á         Explain the structure of the House of Representatives: its size and composition; and the election, terms, and qualifications of its members

á         Explain the structure of the Senate: its size and composition; and the election, terms, and qualifications of its members

4.        Demonstrate an understanding of elected government officials

á         Identify the President of the United States and explain his executive responsibilities

á         Identify selected United States Senators and Representatives and explain their legislative responsibilities

5.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of appointed government officials

á         Identify selected members of the Supreme Court and explain their judicial responsibilities

á        Identify selected members of the President's Cabinet and explain their responsibilities

6.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of how to compare and contrast levels of government

á       School and local

á       Local and state

á       State and national

á      National and international

7.        Describe the challenges faced by the United States government in its attempt to write and ratify the Constitution and the Bill of Rights

8.        Demonstrate an initial understanding of the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights in terms of

á         British and American heritage, including the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, the Mayflower Compact, the Articles of Confederation

á         Philosophy of government expressed in the Declaration of Independence

á         Powers granted to the Congress, the President, the Supreme Court, and the States

9.        Provide examples of specific individual rights and Supreme Court decisions that protect those rights

10.    Develop an initial understanding of patriotic slogans and excerpts from notable speeches and documents in United States history (e.g., "Give me liberty or give me death"; "E Pluribus Unum"; "Remember the Alamo"; the preamble to the Constitution; the Declaration of Independence; the Gettysburg Address; "Ask not what your country can do for you·"; "·December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy"; "I have a dream"; "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down that wall!")

11.    Demonstrate an initial understanding of how to develop and defend a position on a public-policy issue

Grade 6

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Compare leadership and civil rights in a democracy to their status under an authoritarian government by

á       Analyzing the effects of the law on the individual rights of a citizen from an ancient civilization and the impact of that law if it were imposed upon a contemporary American citizen

3.        Compare and contrast the structure and roles of local, state, and national government by

á         Explaining how an outside political threat served as a catalyst for the development of an ancient civilization's government

4.        Compare and contrast the structure of the government of Canada with the government of the United States

5.        Assess competing ideas about the purposes government should serve (i.e., individual rights versus group rights) by

á         Evaluating the effects of two diverse ancient governments on the individual and citizens as a whole

6.        Demonstrate an understanding of how ancient Greek society contributed to democratic principles by

á       Identifying the rights and responsibilities of an ancient Greek citizen and explaining how each contributed to the strength of an early democratic society

á       Comparing and contrasting the individual rights of ancient Greeks with those of a contemporary American citizen

á       Differentiating among the roles of each class of citizen living in ancient Greece and explaining how each influenced the development of laws

7.        Explain the meaning and importance of fundamental principles of American constitutional democracy by

á         Identifying those elements of the ancient Greek assembly which have contributed to the development of the legislative branch of American government

8.        Explain the importance, in a pluralistic society, of having certain shared political values and principles by

á         Identifying the impact of a specific historical event on the shared political values and principles of an ancient civilization (e.g., comparing the nationalistic benefits of the Greek city-state alliance during the Persian War with the consequences of the development of the Delian League upon the unity of the Greek people)

9.        Explain the reasons for alliances with some nations against others by

á         Identifying the benefits and costs of a historical alliance between two ancient civilizations (e.g., the Athenian/Spartan alliance against the Persians)

Grade 7

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Compare and contrast the American political system to those of other nations, in terms of

á         Governmental structures and powers

á         Degree of governmental control over the economy

3.        Demonstrate an understanding of the role of the United Nations in international relationships

4.        Describe ways United States citizens participate in the political process, such as registering to vote, voting, communicating with government officials, serving on juries, running for political office, etc.

5.        Assess competing ideas about the purposes government should serve (i.e., individual rights versus group rights) by

á         Evaluating the spectrum of rights and how it affects issues such as health care, free speech, and gun control in several different countries

6.        Explain the reasons for alliances with some nations against others by

á         Identifying an economic and political alliance the United States has developed with foreign powers

Grade 8

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Examine civil rights, liberties, and responsibilities established in the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights

á         Philosophy of government expressed in the Declaration of Independence

á         Powers granted to the Congress, the President, the Supreme Court, and the States

3.        Identify and explain the civil rights, liberties, and responsibilities established by the United States Constitution and the Bill of Rights

4.        Identify and explain the meaning and importance of fundamental principles of American constitutional democracy (e.g., popular sovereignty, rule of law, three branches of government, representative institutions, shared powers, checks and balances, separation of church and state)

5.        Identify key representatives in legislative branches and the heads of executive and judicial branches in state and national government

6.        Describe and analyze the process by which a proposed law is adopted, including the role of governmental and non-governmental influences, by

á         Explaining the process by which a bill becomes a law

á         Identifying the people involved in the process of converting a bill to a law

7.        Explain the differences among making laws, carrying out laws, and determining if the laws have been violated; and identify the government bodies that perform these functions at the local, state, and national levels

8.        Explain the importance, in a pluralistic society, of having certain shared political values and principles by

á         Analyzing the term American and debating what values and principles make one an American

á         Identifying elements in American society which provide unifying cohesiveness and explaining their function

9.        Identify ways in which citizens in a pluralistic society manage differences of opinion on public-policy issues

10.    Identify individuals in United States history who have been agents of governmental change, analyze their actions, and identify the methods used to influence and gather support

11.    Interpret patriotic slogans and excerpts from notable speeches and documents in United States history

12.    Compare and contrast the structure and roles of local, state, and national governments by

á         Comparing and contrasting levels of government

á            School and local

á            Local and state

á            State and national

á            National and international

á         Investigating, evaluating, and debating a civic issue (e.g., the clear-cut ban of 1996)

13.    Adopt, evaluate, and defend positions on issues involving the constitutional practice of individual rights by

á         Identifying, investigating, and debating a civil-rights issue

á         Discussing the separation of church and state in the United States

14.    Explain the foreign-policy powers which the Constitution gives to the branches of government by

á         Defining the term foreign policy and identifying the individuals within a nation who determine policy

á         Explaining how treaties between nations are developed and ratified by the United States government

á         Explaining how foreign policy decisions affect the economy

15.    Assess the ways in which the United States government has attempted to resolve an international problem (e.g., explaining the position of the various factions in regards to United States involvement in the French Revolution)

Grade 9

1.      Review and extend prior learning

2.      Compare and contrast governments and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each

á         Democracy

á         Dictatorship

á         Fundamentalism (religious)

á         Marxism

á         Monarchy

á         Oligarchy

3.      Demonstrate an understanding of the political significance of events associated with the history of Africa and/or the Middle East

á         Explain the connection between religion and government in early civilizations

á         Egypt

á         Mesopotamia

á         Discuss the effect of tribalism on government and nationalism

4.      Demonstrate an understanding of the political significance of events associated with the history of Asia

á         Explain the connection between religion and government in early civilizations

á         China

á         Discuss how the following factors affected the present government of the Indian sub-continent

á         Independence movements

á         Population growth

á         Religious unrest

5.      Demonstrate an understanding of the political significance of events associated with the history of Europe

á         Explain the connection between religion and government in early civilizations

á         Ancient Greece and Rome

á         Trace the growth of democracy in Athens

á         Discuss the role of the following individuals in the development of government

á         Caesar, Julius

á         Cleisthenes

á         Draco

á         Hammurabi

á         Pericles

á         Solon

á         Explain the goals of Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus and the consequences of their failure to re-establish a representative government

á         Explain how Augustus restored Roman government

á         Explain the political structure of feudalism

á         Explain the political implications of the Magna Carta

á         Discuss the views of Machiavelli and their effect on contemporary world governments

á         Explain how the divine right of kings led to absolute monarchy in France prior to the French Revolution

á         Explain how the control of government was returned to moderate people as a result of the French Revolution

á         Discuss the development of British common law

á         Describe the changes in the governance of Eastern Europe in the early 1900's

6.      Demonstrate an understanding of the political significance of events associated with the history of Latin America and/or South America

á         Explain how the Spanish colonial legacy left territories unprepared for independence and self-governance

Grade 10

1.      Review and extend prior learning

2.      Demonstrate an understanding of the political and legal significance of events associated with gaining American independence and with establishing a new government from 1750-1800

á         Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the federal government under the Articles of Confederation

á         List the key features of the Virginia Plan, the New Jersey Plan, and the Great Compromise

á         Evaluate the Federalist and anti-Federalist positions on the ratification of the Constitution

á         Explain the origins and meaning of federalism as a dual system of government

á         Explain the division of powers in the American federal system, the delegated powers of the national government, and the reserved powers of the states

á         Explain the basic concepts of American democracy as outlined by the United States Constitution

á         Explain the process of constitutional change and development by formal amendment

á         Discuss the fundamental importance of the many constitutional guarantees of civil rights and their relationship to the concept of limited government

á         Discuss the right to freedom of expression as the basis of a free society

á         Explain the constitutional obligations placed on the national government for the benefit of the states

á         Discuss interstate relations

á         Explain the process by which new states were added to the Union

á         Describe the court system set up by the Judiciary Act of 1789

á         Compare the views of Hamilton and Jefferson on the role and purpose of government

á         Describe Hamilton's plan for the Bank of the United States and the settlement of the national debt

á         List the terms of the Naturalization, Alien, and Sedition Acts

á         Discuss the federal government's handling of the Whiskey Rebellion

á         Discuss the candidates, issues, and outcomes of presidential elections from 1789-1800

3.      Demonstrate an understanding of the political and legal significance of events associated with an emerging nation from 1801-1820

á         Explain the power of judicial review and its origins in the case of Marbury vs. Madison

á         Discuss the significance of Supreme Court decisions made under John Marshall

á         Explain the Supremacy Clause

á         Explain the Monroe Doctrine and its impact on foreign policy

á         Discuss the candidates, issues, and outcomes of presidential elections from 1801-1820

4.      Demonstrate an understanding of the political and legal significance of events associated with the Civil War Period from 1821-1865

á         List the restrictions embodied in the slave codes

á         Discuss the main points of the Dred Scott decision

á         Discuss the dispute over the admission of Missouri as a state and the terms of the Missouri Compromise

á         Discuss the main points of the Compromise of 1850

á         Discuss candidates, issues, and outcomes of presidential elections from 1821-1865

5.        Demonstrate an understanding of the political and legal significance of events associated with Reconstruction from 1866-1919

á         List the provisions of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments

á         Describe the terms of the Reconstruction Act of 1867

á         Discuss the reasons for the conflict between Congress and President A. Johnson and the outcome of the impeachment trial

á         Explain the role of the federal government in encouraging the construction of the transcontinental railroad

á         Identify concepts associated with political corruption

á         Lobbyist

á         Pork-barreling

á         Spoils system

á         Explain how the Pendleton Act established the civil service

á         Discuss the origin and platform of the Populist Party

á         Discuss the candidates, issues, and outcomes of presidential elections from 1866-1919

á         Identify the principles on which presidential administrations from 1866-1919 based foreign policy and discuss the foreign-policy achievements of each administration

Grade 11

1.      Review and extend prior learning

2.      Demonstrate an understanding of the political and legal significance of events associated with the establishment of America as a dominant world power from 1866-1919

á         Describe the purchase of Alaska

á         Explain the events that led to the annexation of Hawaii

á         Discuss the effect of the United States intervention in the development of Latin-American democracies

á         Explain the origins and goals of the Progressive Movement

á         Discuss the reforms in city and state government instituted by progressive reformers

á         Describe the change in electing United States senators brought about by the Seventeenth Amendment

á         Explain the significance of the Eighteenth Amendment

á         Discuss the restrictions placed on the Southern blacks in the late 1800's and the effects of the Supreme Court ruling in Plessy vs. Ferguson

á         Discuss Roosevelt's attitude toward business

á         Explain the Roosevelt Corollary and "dollar diplomacy"

á         Discuss the American role in the Russo-Japanese War and in international peace efforts

á         Discuss the accomplishments and problems of President Taft

á         Describe Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom program

á         Explain why the Progressive Movement came to an end

á         Describe American involvement in the Mexican Revolution

á         Describe United States policy at the beginning of World War I and the attitude of most Americans toward the belligerents

3.      Demonstrate an understanding of the political and legal significance of events associated with prosperity, depression, and war from 1920-1945

á         Explain the fears that led to the Red Scare and the actions taken by Attorney General Palmer

á         Describe the steps taken in the 1920's to restrict immigration

á         Describe the Nineteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-first Amendments to the Constitution

á         Discuss Hoover's attempt to end the Depression without government intervention

á         Identify the goals of the first New Deal as an agent of social change

á         List the steps taken to accomplish Roosevelt's goals of relief, recovery, and reform

á         Describe the achievements of the Tennessee Valley Authority

á         Identify the goals of the second New Deal, and list the programs undertaken to achieve those goals

á         Describe Roosevelt's court-packing plan and reasons for its failure

á         Describe the Good Neighbor Policy

á         Discuss the candidates, issues, and outcomes of presidential elections from 1920-1945

á         Identify the principles on which presidential administrations from 1920-1945 based foreign policy and discuss the foreign-policy achievements of each administration

4.      Demonstrate an understanding of the political and legal significance of events associated with the United States as the major world power from 1946-1988

á         Compare and contrast United States foreign policy following World War II with United States foreign policy following World War I

á         Explain how the Soviet Union came to control Eastern Europe, and explain the reasoning behind the Truman administration's policy of containment and the Marshall Plan

á         Describe the political results of the United States occupation of Japan

á         Discuss the splits that occurred in the Democratic Party during the 1948 presidential race

á         Describe the organization and purpose of the United Nations and NATO

á         Explain how the issue of disloyalty in government arose, and describe the provisions of the McCarran Internal Security Act

á         Describe Eisenhower's domestic policy proposals, and discuss the continuing concern over internal security

á         Discuss the methods used by the civil rights leaders and the gains they made during the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations (Brown vs. the Board of Education, 1954)

á         Describe Kennedy's domestic policy proposals, and explain which of them were passed during Kennedy's administration

á         Discuss the political significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Bay of Pigs

á         Discuss President L. Johnson's domestic policies

á         Describe the circumstances under which civil disobedience might be justified

á         Discuss the Tonkin Gulf Resolution

á         Discuss the political significance of the Watergate scandal

á         Explain President Ford's decision to pardon Nixon and discuss the criticism of his decision

á         Explain the policy of détente

á         Characterize the relationship between the Carter administration and Congress

á         Explain why the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan and what sanctions the United States announced in response to the invasion

á         Describe the crisis that arose in Poland (1981), and identify the sanctions the United States announced in response to the crisis

á         Identify the goals of the nuclear freeze advocates in Western Europe and the United States, and explain the Reagan administration's position on arms reduction, SALT, and START

á         Identify the role of the United States in conflicts in Nicaragua, El Salvador, Grenada, Lebanon, and Panama; and explain the reasons behind American foreign policy in each case

á         Discuss the candidates, issues, and outcomes of presidential elections from 1946-1988

á         Identify the principles on which presidential administrations from 1946-1988 based foreign policy and discuss the foreign-policy achievements of each administration

5.      Demonstrate an understanding of the political and legal significance of events associated with the United States as the major world power from 1989-present

á         Describe the controversial decisions reached by the Supreme Court in the late 1980's, e.g., flag burning, abortion

á         Explain the effects of the "collapse of Soviet communism" on the United States

á         Discuss the Savings and Loan crisis

á         Identify the role of the United States in Somalia and Kuwait

á         Discuss the political significance of the World Community supporting United States' actions in the Gulf War

á         Identify the advantages and disadvantages of trade agreements, e.g., NAFTA and GATT

á         Demonstrate how domestic policy may impose constraints or obligations on Untied States actions in the world, using current examples

á         Describe the American public policies set up to deal with the serious environmental problems of the present and the future

á         Trace the development of a current major world event (e.g. population, global warming) and predict possible outcomes

á         Explain the legal issues that arose in connection with the AIDS epidemic

á         Identify the role of the United States in Bosnia, Haiti, and the Middle East

á         Explain the causes of the federal government shutdowns in 1995 and 1996

á         Identify trends in international relations at the end of the century

á         Discuss the candidates, issues, and outcomes of presidential elections from 1989-present

á         Identify the principles on which presidential administrations from 1989-present based foreign policy and discuss the foreign-policy achievements of each administration

Grade 12

1.        Review and extend prior learning

2.        Demonstrate an understanding of modern political and economic systems by

á         Discussing the basic nature of the modern state and theories of its origin

á         Comparing the major forms of government in the world today

á         Direct versus representative

á         Presidential versus parliamentary

á         Dictatorship versus popular sovereignty

á         Comparing the basic features of the major economic systems in the world today and their impact on governmental decisions

3.        Demonstrate an understanding of the essential meaning of the basic principles of the American constitutional system in both historical and current settings

á         Assess the different jurisdictions and roles of local, state, and federal governments

in relation to an important public-policy issue

4.        Demonstrate an understanding of the process of constitutional change through formal and informal amendment

5.        Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamental freedoms associated with civil rights today

á         Protection of freedom of religion, free speech, and a free press in the United States (First and Fourteenth Amendments)

á         The right of the government to protect itself and the nation

á         The essential meaning of the rights of assembly and petition

6.        Demonstrate an understanding of the concept of equal justice under the law as it applies today

á         Due process of law and its pivotal place in the American system of civil rights

á         The rights to freedom and security

á         The rights of persons accused of crime

á         The rights to equality under the law

á         Civil laws passed by Congress since 1954

á         American citizenship, the process for acquiring citizenship, and immigration policy

7.        Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of political parties

á         The essential functions parties perform in American politics

á         The American two-party system and the reasons for its existence and retention, including the future of the two-party system

á         The nature and role of minor parties in American politics

8.        Demonstrate an understanding of voting rights and voter behavior today

á         The present-day status of the right to vote and the several recent voting-rights laws and statutes

á         The impact of voter turnout on American elections

á         The complex factors affecting the behavior of the American voter today

9.        Demonstrate an understanding of the critical place of the electoral process in democratic government today

á         The methods by which nominations are made in American politics

á         The conduct of elections in the United States

á         The place of money and its regulation in American politics

á         The place of political action committees in American politics

10.    Demonstrate an understanding of public opinion and the role of pressure groups in government today

á         The role of public opinion in government

á         The means by which opinions are expressed and may be measured, including public-opinion polls and the scientific polling process

á         The bases upon which pressure groups are formed and their role in politics

á         The varied tactics used by pressure groups to influence public opinion and public policy

á         The role of media in shaping public opinion

11.    Demonstrate an understanding of the place, role, and structure of Congress today

á         Its bicameral character, its terms, and sessions

á         The changing nature of Congress from its origin to the present, i.e., constitutional versus political-party organizational structures

á         The contrasting ways in which the House and Senate begin a new term

á         The formal and the party organizational structure in both houses of Congress

á         The committee system in Congress and the types of committees to be found in both houses

á         The several steps involved in the lawmaking process in both houses

á         The final steps in passing a bill, including the functions of conference committees and presidential action

12.    Demonstrate an understanding of the powers of Congress

á         The scope of the powers of Congress in a governmental system both limited and federal in character

á         The significance of the Necessary and Proper Clause and the broad field of implied powers

13.    Demonstrate an understanding of the interrelated roles of the Presidency and the process whereby one is elected President today

á         The constitutional shape of the office in terms of qualifications, tenure, and compensation

á         The process of presidential succession in terms of both vacancy and disability

á         The role of the Vice Presidency

á         The place of the national conventions in the nominating process

á         The presidential campaign and the role of the electoral colle